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کالی داس گپتا رضا ؔ

کالی داس گپتا رضا
افسوس ہے کہ اردو کے مشہور محقق اور غالبیات کے ماہر جناب کالی داس گپتا رضا ۲۱؍ مارچ ۲۰۰۱؁ء کو چل بسے، وہ راشٹرپتی بھون میں اعزازات کی تقریب میں شرکت کے لیے دہلی تشریف لائے تھے اور ہوٹل میں قیام پذیر تھے کہ اچانک دل کا شدید دورہ پڑا، وہاں سے اسپتال جارہے تھے کہ راستے ہی میں انتقال ہوگیا۔
کالی داس صاحب ۲۵؍ اگست ۱۹۲۵؁ء کو مکند پور ضلع جالندھر (پنجاب) میں پیدا ہوئے، بچپن میں ہی طبیعت شعر و سخن کی طرف راغب ہوگئی تھی اور تلمیذِداغ پنڈت لبھورام جوش ملسیانی سے کلام پر اصلاح لینے اور مشورہ سخن کرنے لگے، میڑک پاس کرنے کے بعد وہ کاروباری سلسلے میں نیروبی (جنوبی افریقہ) چلے گئے لیکن اردو زبان کی محبت گھٹی میں پڑی ہوئی تھی۔ اسی زمانے میں پنجاب یونیورسٹی کے امتحانات منشی کامل و منشی فاضل اور سینئر کیمریج بیرسٹری کے امتحانات دئے، ان کی تعلیم زیادہ نہیں تھی مگر اپنی محنت و مطالعہ سے انہوں نے نصابی تعلیم کی کمی کی پوری تلافی کرلی تھی۔
گپتا رضا صاحب افریقہ سے واپسی کے بعد بمبئی میں متوطن ہوگئے تھے، کاروباری مصروفیات کے باوجود علم و فن، شعر و ادب اور تحقیق و تنقید کو وہ اپنا اوڑھنا بچھونا بنائے رہے، تحقیق سے ان کو عشق تھا، غالبیات ان کی دلچسپی کا خاص موضوع تھا، اس کے ماہرین میں شمار کئے جاتے تھے، نو دس گھنٹے روزآنہ وہ تحقیق اور مطالعہ کتب میں گزارتے، ان کے ذاتی کتب خانے میں چالیس ہزار سے زیادہ کتابیں اور رسالے تھے، مخطوطات سے بڑا شغف تھا کوئی مخطوطہ مل جاتا تو ہر قیمت پر اسے خرید لیتے، ان کے کتب خانے میں پانچ سو سے زیادہ قلمی کتابیں تھیں، غالبیات پر اتنا بڑا ذخیرہ اور کسی کتب خانے میں نہیں ہوگا۔
گپتا رضا...

جوانب مختلفة من اھمية الرجاء في حياة المسلم

Everyone knows that ‘hope’ or ‘expectation’ has a pivotal role in the life of a human being. It is a virtue that may produce boost in an individual’s life. All revealed religions urge to their followers to please the Almighty God, and in return they should keep hope from Allah Almighty that He would compensate and reward then in the life thereafter. It is also a matter of fact that there are various aspects of importance of hope in the life of a Muslim. These aspects are discussed in this article in detail. In today’s word, when there are hopeless attitude is found everywhere, this article would present a very positive impact on the society. The article under discussion aims at different aspects of Al- Raja’a (Hope) in the life of a Muslim and its importance for having blessings of ALLAH Almighty. Main ingredients are as follow: · Wideness of blessings of ALLAH Almighty and forgiveness by Him if a person believes in Him and has full commitment on Him. · Self-accountability of a person and his regrets upon his wrong doings and to endeavor adoption of a Right Path. · This belief of Hope pleases one’s self and it brings happiness apparently and inside of this person. · Islam does completely prohibit false beliefs and halfhearted weak faith. In the same way Islam also condemns despondency.

Pharmacological Screening of Nsaid’S for Their Probable Central Nervous System Effect and Their Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Inducible cyclo-oxygenase (COX) expression in the brain is associated with acute neurotoxicity, such as seizures and ischemia. On the other hand COX 1 and 2 both are related to delayed pro-inflammatory activities, which are ought to exacerbate the neuronal damage in neurodegenerative diseases. It was postulated in last decade that non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which are widely used in clinical situation as anti-inflammatory, analgesics and antipyretic drugs by inhibiting COX pathway in brain can prevent neurodegeneration. However it is still unknown whether NSAIDs have effect on the development on the central nervous system and play a major role to prevent and treat neurodegenerative disease. Previous clinical, epidemiological and experimental data revealed that repeated and long term use of NSAIDs prevent neurodegeneration by inhibiting brain COX isoenzymes and recommended as a new emerging approach. In the present study we aimed to evaluate the effect of diclofenac, ibuprofen and celecoxib on behavioral and biochemical parameters as well as disease severity assessment not only in parkinson’s patients but on chlorpromazine induced parkinson rat model. A single blind clinical study was conducted in four groups of 40 parkinson’s patients. The cognition was measured by MMSE and MoCA test, depression assessed by HDRS test, daily living functioning judged with ADCS-ADL scale and disease severity by Hoehn & Yahr staging and descriptive UPDRS scale. The outcomes were better among patients treated with NSAIDs than control patients. NSAIDs treated patients showed significant improvement in MMSE, MoCA and ADCS-ADL scores after 2 month treatment period from baseline score. However insignificant results were also observed after 2 month treatment with respect to depression and disease severity. The most frequent adverse events during 2 month treatment period were nausea, dyspepsia, elevated hepatic enzymes, and hypertension. NSAIDs showed significant increased SGOT, SGPT, and bilirubin levels but no significant change in GGT and alkaline phosphatase after 2 month treatment was noted. NSAIDs showed significant increased levels of urea and creatinin after 2 month. We found elevated Cortisol levels at baseline in all parkinson patients after taking NSAID we observed slightly reduced levels of cortisol from baseline as compare to control patients but results were insignificant. Behavioral and histopathological examination of NSAIDs treated rats after chlorpromazine induced parkinsonism was observed. NSAIDs were administered after 30 minutes of 3mg/kg ip injection of chlorpromazine up to 21 day. After 21 day we observed significant motor impairment in CPZ treated rat in open field, catalepsy and wire hanging test while NSAIDs treated rat showed significant improvement comparable to standard L-dopa/carbidopa group. NSAIDs treated rats showed significant improved cognitive behaviors in radial arm maze, water maze and passive avoidance test as compare to control and CPZ group. Depression was marked with CPZ group on forced swimming induced test and cage crossing test while NSAIDs treatment improved depression after 21 days. NSAIDs treated rats slightly reduced their weight after 21 days as compare to control and CPZ group while CPZ group significantly increased body weight. Anxiety was assessed by using elevated plus maze. NSAIDs showed anxiety like behavior after 21 day treatment but CPZ treated rats showed anxiolytic effect. Histopathological examination of brain tissue of NSAIDs treated group revealed minimal neuronal destruction and gliosis as compare to CPZ group. In conclusion results of this clinical and experimental study explain that NSAIDs treatment show moderate improvement in parkinson associated cognitive decline, motor impairment and in their daily life function. Adverse drug events were also observed, hence prolong use can only be recommended after extensive study.
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مطالعہ یہودیت
مطالعہ یہودیت

Written for students who likely have either no knowledge of Judaism or else come to the subject with preconceptions highly colored by political and religious polemics, this book offers a comprehensive introduction to the Jewish tradition from religious, historical, and cultural perspectives.

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