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مولانا حامد علی خاں

مولانا حامد علی خاں مرحوم
رام پور کسی زمانہ میں دارالعلوم اوردارالعلماء تھا۔یہاں کی گلی گلی کے اندر اونچے سے اونچے علماء موجود تھے۔طلباء کی بھی انتہائی کثرت تھی۔ہزاروں کی تعداد میں یہاں طلباء موجود رہتے تھے جس میں افغانی،پنجابی،بنگالی،آسامی،برما اوررنگون تک کے رہنے والے یہاں آتے تھے۔خود مقامی آدمیوں کوبھی انتہائی ذوق تھا کہ وہ عربی اورفارسی پڑھیں اوراس میں کمال حاصل کریں۔
یہاں پرفارسی کے باکمال حضرات میں سے مولوی عبدالرزاق خاں طالبؔ(متوفی۱۹۱۶ء)مولوی حسین شاہ خاں نامیؔ(م۱۸۹۴ء)بڑے بڑے قابل فارسی داں ہوئے۔عربی داں حضرات میں یہاں پرکچھ تومقامی علماء ہوئے اور کچھ بیرونی علماء نے یہاں آکر سکونت اختیار کرلی۔بیرونی علماء میں سے مولانا عبدالعلی بحرالعلوم(م۱۱۲۵ھ)تین سال تک رام پور میں رہے۔ملا محمد حسن لکھنوی عرصۂ دراز تک یہاں پررہے، یہیں شادی کی اور یہیں۱۷۸۴ء/۱۱۹۹ھ میں انتقال فرمایا۔ مولوی فضل حق صاحب خیرآبادی (م۱۸۶۱ء)مولوی عبدالحق خیر آبادی (م۱۸۹۹ء) بھی یہاں مقیم رہے۔عبدالحق خیرآبادی کے صاحبزادے مولوی اسد الحق صاحب نے بھی یہیں پر۱۳۱۸ھ/۱۹۰۰ء میں انتقال فرمایا۔
مقامی علماء میں سے مولانا فضل حق رامپوری بڑے جلیل القدر علامہ ہوئے۔ برما سے لے کر بخارا تک ان کا چرچا تھا۔انھوں نے بڑی گراں قدر تصانیف چھوڑی ہیں کہ جن کے پڑھنے والے اور پڑھانے والے بھی اب دنیا میں موجود نہیں رہے۔مولانا موصوف میرے استاذ تھے اور عرصۂ دراز تک مدرسہ عالیہ کے پرنسپل رہے۔ ۱۹۴۰ء میں وصال ہوگیا۔ مولانا منور علی صاحب (م۱۹۳۳ء) یہاں کے مشہور محدث تھے۔ان کے استاذ الاستاذ میاں محمد شاہ صاحب (۱۹۲۰ء)اوران کے استاذ میاں حسن شاہ صاحب(م۱۳۱۲ھ)محدثین کرام میں سے تھے۔مولوی اکبر علی خاں صاحب(م۱۳۰۲ھ)بھی یہاں کے مشہورومعروف محدث تھے، مولانا عبدالعلی خاں ریاضی داں (م۱۳۰۳ھ) اور مولوی عبدالعلی صاحب منطقی(م۱۲۷۸ھ)بھی یہاں کے مشہور عالم ہوئے۔ الغرض یہ حضرات وہ تھے کہ جن میں سے بعض کو میں نے خود بھی دیکھا تھا۔ میرے طالب علمی کے زمانہ میں مولوی...

Identity Negotiation of Female Esl Learners: Communities of Practice Perspective

This qualitative study employs Communities of Practice (Lave& Wenger, 1991) framework to map out how female learner identity is built and negotiated within Post-colonial Pakistan. The study traces out the ongoing identity struggles of young Pakistani female ESL learners at The Institute of English Language and Literature (IELL), University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan, from a broadly poststructuralist perspective. Data analysis and interpretation were guided by CoP framework which views learner as essentially part and parcel of the learning environment within which learning takes places. The data revealed a complex picture of Female English Language Learner Identity (FELLI), as diverse subject positions emerged while the participants developed a sense of alignment with different CoP and displaying acts of resistance to counter discrimination. Higher education appeared as a site of identity negotiation and transition into new CoP for the participants. The participants demonstrated signs of social, linguistic and academic participation in as participating members of academic CoP.

Mutational Analysis of Β-Globin Gene of Thalassemia in Local Population of Pakistan

Thalassemia is a hereditary quantitative deficiency of functional α and β like globin chains synthesis that leads to ineffective erythropoiesis and reduced hemoglobin synthesis. Increased gastrointestinal iron absorption, following frequent blood transfusions in the absence of proper chelation therapy, builds iron overload leading to increased morbidity and mortality and shorten life expectancy. It is manifested by chronic anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, bone deformities especially for facial bones and improper growth rate. Regular blood transfusion and iron chelation therapy becomes essential for lifelong time. The geographical distribution of thalassemia can be divided broadly into four regions: Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, Indian Asia and Mediterranean device. Migration from these affected areas into non-malarial areas results in heterogeneous diversity of thalassemia at global level. A multicentre study (including four cities in Pakistan) was aimed to investigate the frequency and spectrum of alpha and beta thalassemia genetic mutations and XmnI polymorphism of the Gamma Globin gene. Beta thalassemia individuals identified on the ground of haematological parameters were screened for mutations of the Alpha (HBA2 and HBA1) and Beta (HBB) Globin genes as well as Gamma (HBG2) Globin gene, -158 Gg XmnI polymorphism, using a combination of multiplex GAP polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Sanger sequencing and restriction fragment length polymerase (RFLP) based PCR respectively. Among 16 identified mutations in the beta gene by Sanger sequencing, NM_000158.4:c.27_28insG (p. Ser10ValfsTer14) was the most prevalent. In alpha thalassemia mutation, multiplex GAP-PCR run for seven most common deletion mutation showed that α-3.7 and α-4.2 deletions were coinherited with beta thalassemia mutations. Additionally, presence of rare mutations and novel variants has portrait the diversity of thalassemia mutations in Pakistani population. Moreover, NM_000184.2:c.-211C>T base-pair substitution (historically described as -158 GγXmnI polymorphism) was present in 36% of the patients. The hemolysis markers (red blood cell incidences), oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, hemoglobin oxidation, carbonyl protein oxidation, and catalase activity), antioxidative level (glutathione reduced and oxidised, scavenging assays) and biochemical parameters were also analysed. Low copper, potassium, magnesium and phosphate levels and high AST, ALK and ALT levels which were observed importantly represent the iron overloaded peroxidative state in thalassemia. Not only these parameters but high values of lipid peroxidation, carbonyl contents and catalase activity and low values of glutathione reduce and scavenging assay also marked the oxidative damage caused mainly due to iron overload and its associated x complications. Additionally, three plants namely Curcuma longa (locally known as Haldi), Nigella sativa seeds (locally known as Kalonji), and Camellia sinensis (green tea) were studied to identify natural alternatives to treat disorders associated with hemolysis by reducing oxidative stress and to determine the effect of extraction systems on the functionality of phytochemicals. Based on Camellia sinensis and Curcuma longa well known bioactivities, it was assumed that they would significantly ameliorate the activities of oxidative markers and hence help in reducing the oxidative damage in beta thalassemia. However, treatment with both plant extract did not sufficiently improve the condition. This could be due to insufficient ameliorating effect as well as use of whole extract instead of isolated compound from plants was used. The psychological stress and its associated experiences were studied in index and their caregivers that duplicated the previous findings of low quality of life scores. The chronic nature of disease with enduring treatment has drastically affected their wellbeing. However, these changes vary between and within countries due to different health infrastructures, socioeconomic status and cultural and social norms. With advancement in reducing the thalassemia associated mortality and morbidity, some attention has now move into designing of improved and healthy lifestyles. Heterogeneity in clinical and haematological parameters in thalassemia major, show that monogenic disorders can present with a wide spectrum of disease severity. Present study will be useful in the prevention of highly prevalent disease of thalassemia in Pakistan following nationwide awareness campaign.
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مطالعہ یہودیت
مطالعہ یہودیت

Written for students who likely have either no knowledge of Judaism or else come to the subject with preconceptions highly colored by political and religious polemics, this book offers a comprehensive introduction to the Jewish tradition from religious, historical, and cultural perspectives.

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