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حاجی محمد صالح

حاجی محمد صالح
دوسرا افسوسناک سانحہ۶/مئی کی شام کو محترم حاجی محمد صالح صاحب کی وفات کاپیش آیا۔ صالح صاحب کئی سال سے معذور ہوگئے تھے اورصاحب فراش تھے،یوں بھی عمر طبعی کی سرحد پارکرچکے تھے لیکن چل رہے تھے اوران کے صاحبزادے حاجی خواجہ محمد سلیم صاحب دل وجان سے ان کی خدمت کر رہے تھے۔ اس طویل مدت میں کبھی کبھی حالت نازک بھی ہوجاتی تھی مگرسنبھل جاتے تھے۔ ۶/مئی کی صبح کو آخری سانس لینے لگے اورشام کے ۵بجے ہمیشہ کے لیے رخصت ہوگئے۔ حاجی محمد صالح صاحب اپنی گوناگوں اورغیر معمولی خصوصیات کی وجہ سے دہلی والوں میں ممتاز بلکہ لاجواب تھے اوراپنی ذات سے صحیح معنی میں ایک انجمن تھے۔ اجتماعات اورمجالس کی رونق اورجان۔ سوسائٹی کے ہرطبقے میں مذہب و ملت کے امتیاز کے بغیر مقبول تھے اور قدرو منزلت کی نظر سے دیکھے جاتے تھے۔ان کی فرم ’’حاجی علی جان‘‘نہ صرف دہلی بلکہ پورے ملک کی روایتی فرم تھی، ایک زمانے میں اس کا کاروبار نہایت وسیع تھا،اوردہلی اورحجاز دونوں جگہ بڑے پیمانے پرلین دین ہوتاتھا۔ فرم حاجی علی جان کی امانت ودیانت کاعام شہرہ تھااس فرم میں لاکھوں روپے کی امانتیں رہتی تھیں۔حج کوجانے والے بے جھجک لاکھوں روپے اس فرم کو جمع کراتے تھے اورمکہ معظمہ میں صرف رقعہ دکھا کر رقم لے لیتے تھے۔ یہ کہنا شاید مبالغہ سے پاک ہے کہ فرم حاجی علی جان مسلمانوں کے لیے ریزرو بینک سے بھی زیادہ معتبر ومستند تھی۔ حاجی صاحب مرحوم اس تاریخی فرم کے مالک تھے، قومی اورملی کاموں میں بڑھ چڑھ کرحصہ لیتے تھے۔ ایک وقت میں بڑے بڑے اہم اجتماعات کوٹھی حاجی علی جان ہی میں ہواکرتے تھے۔ حاجی صاحب کے والد محترم حاجی عبدالغفار صاحب جن کی ہم نے بارہا زیارت کی تھی، حکیم محمد اجمل خاں اورڈاکٹر مختار احمد انصاری کے ندیم خاص...

The Prophet Muḥammad (S. A. W) : A Universal Messenger of Peace (An Overview of the Prophet Muḥammad (SAW) ’s Relations With the Non-Muslims

Islām, as the religion of peace and mercy, teaches and preaches peace, justice, tolerance, goodwill and equality among the human beings. Being the trustee of Allāh, man has been prescribed some requirements for the regulation of human conduct. The Prophet Muḥammad (r) is the personification of these teachings and commandments of Allāh. His conduct is “the Perfect Example” and “the Role Model” to be followed by human beings. He has been titled in The Qur’ān as (al-Raḥmah) the mercy for all the worlds. Whatever aspect of the Prophet Muḥammad (r) ’s life is investigated, it is proved to be unbiased and stands as a hallmark for the universal peace, justice, tolerance and equality, not only for the believers, but, for the non-Muslims, even for the worst enemies, as well. The first part of this paper describes the concept of peace in Islām and the role of the Prophet Muḥammad (r) as the messenger of the religion of peace. The second part of the paper focuses on the characteristics of the Prophet Muḥammad (r) as the messenger of peace in every aspect of life. While the third part of the paper is about the study of the historical facts, which discuss the life of the Prophet Muḥammad (r) as a historical figure and there is no doubt in his personality and character.

Theoretical Studies of Strongly Correlated Lanthanide Intermetallics Lnx3 X=In, Sn

In this thesis the structural, elastic and electronic properties as well as electric field gradient of the strongly correlated intermetallics LnX3 (Ln = La-Gd, X = In, Sn) have been investigated by using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbital (FP-LAPW+lo) method within the framework of density functional theory. The structural properties of these compounds are calculated by LDA, GGA, meta-GGA, WC, B3PW91, LDA+U and GGA+U schemes. The calculated lattice parameters are found consistent with the available experimental results. Our results show contrac- tion of lattice constant along the series and the divalent state of Eu is also verified. The itinerant and localized behavior of electrons in f -states of these compounds is also discussed. These compounds have 4f orbitals and hence strong electron-electron correlation effect is expected, therefore, the electronic properties are also calculated with the Hubbard potential U (GGA + U and LDA + U) and the effect of Hubbard potential on the density of states is discussed in details. The relativistic effects are also considered by including the spin-orbit coupling (SOC). The spin-orbit coupling predict the correct electronic properties and also reveals the splitting of 4f states of the rare-earth elements. It affects the band structures of the compounds and induces non-degeneracies in some degenerate states in the vicinity of the Fermi level. Furthermore, the SOC effect increases from left to right in the lanthanide series in the LnIn3 and LnSn3 , which shows interesting nature of SOC effect in the periodic table. The elastic constants of these compounds are also calculated. Our calcu- lated values for the elastic constants of the compounds are closer with the available experimental values as compared to the other theoretical results. The mechanical properties for the compounds under studies such as shear iii modulus, bulk modulus, Young’s modulus, Kleinman parameters, anisotropic ratio, Poisson’s ratio, Lame’s coefficients are also determined . The Cauchy pressure and B/G ratio are also investigated to evaluated the ductile and brittle nature of LnIn3 and LnSn3 compounds. The Sound velocities for shear and longitudinal waves, and Debye temperature also explored on the basis of mechanical properties. The Electric field gradients (EFG) are also calculated for the rare-earth intermetallics LnIn3 and LnSn3 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr and Nd) using the GGA, GGA + U, as well as GGA + SOC. Our results show that the EFGs calculated by GGA+U approach are in better agreement with the available experimental values of the M ̈ssbauer spectroscopy as compared to the other theoretical schemes. Our results show nonzero EFGs at rare-earth sites in the AFM phase. The present research will add some theoretical understanding of these materials and will also fill the gap about some of the physical properties of these compounds in literature.
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مطالعہ یہودیت
مطالعہ یہودیت

Written for students who likely have either no knowledge of Judaism or else come to the subject with preconceptions highly colored by political and religious polemics, this book offers a comprehensive introduction to the Jewish tradition from religious, historical, and cultural perspectives.

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