اے ڈی اظہر
اے۔ ڈی اظہر(۱۹۰۰۔۱۹۷۴ء) کا اصل نام احمد دین ہے۔ لیکن اے۔ ڈی اظہر کے نام سے ادب کی دنیا میں شہرت پائی۔ آپ سیالکوٹ کے ایک چھوٹے گاؤں ڈگرخورد میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ اردو کے ممتاز شاعر ‘ ادیب اور ماہرِ لسانیات تھے۔ آپ ملٹری اکاؤنٹس میں اعلی سرکاری افسر‘ سفارتکار‘ وزیر اقتصادیات‘ رکن قومی ترانہ انتخاب کمیٹی اور ہائی کمشنر آسٹریلیاجیسے عہدوں پر فائز رہے۔ اظہر کے والد ڈی۔ جی پاکستان ٹیلی ویژن رہے۔ اظہر شروع میں شاعری سے زیادہ صرف و نحو میں دلچسپی رکھتے تھے۔ عربی‘ فارسی اور کلاسیکی ادب پر اظہر کی وسیع نظر تھی۔ آپ اردو زبان سے دلی محبت‘ فکری مسائل و تحقیقی مہمات سے گہرا شغف اور پنجاب کی زندگی اور روایات سے والہانہ عشق رکھتے تھے۔ (۳۰۴)
اظہر کے تین شعری مجموعے ’’لذتِ آوارگی‘‘ ’’گریۂ پنہاں‘‘ اور ’’احوال واقعی‘‘ شائع ہو چکے ہیں لیکن انہیں ’’لذتِ آوارگی‘‘ کی وجہ سے شہرتِ دوام ملی ۔حفیظ جالندھری اظہر کے ادبی استاد اور دوست تھے۔ وہ ’’لذتِ آوارگی‘‘ پر منظوم تبصرہ کرتے ہوئے کہتے ہیں:
دیدہ ور اظہر بزورِ بازوئے نظارگی
7ہے بغلگیرِ عروس لذتِ آوارگی
عمر کے اس مرحلے میں جلوہ ھائے رنگ رنگ
فکرِ اظہر سے نظر آنے لگے یکبارگی
لذتِ آوارگی اس کو نہیں ملتی حفیظ
جس کے ہاتھوں پر لکھی ہو بندگی بے چارگی
(۳۰۵)
اظہر کی تخلیقات کا دامن خود ان کے ظرف کی کشادہ اور ان کی زندگی کی طرح متنوع ہے۔ ان کی تخلیقات جدید و قدیم کا حسین امتزاج ہیں۔ اظہر نے اپنے کلام کو اپنی علمیت کے...
علامہ زمخشری کا تصورنظم قرآن
Despite his being a staunch Mutazali, Allama Zamakhshari declares the Holy Quran to be a miracle on account of its unique coherence and cohesion. For the first time in the history of Quranic exegesis, he made a subject of the mutual juxtaposition of Quranic words, sentences, verses and surahs such discussions on the Quranic cohesion as are related to literary and communicative aspects such as metaphor, simile, allusion and syntax. Similarly, he demonstrated the Quranic cohesiveness by beautifully applying the roles and regulations of rhetoric on the verses of the Holy Quran. Such forms of coherence and cohesion did he adopt as can be declared as the fundamentals of the idea of the Quranic cohesion. In this regard, this article is the first such comprehensive study of the Tafseer e Kashaf.Impact of Peer Tutoring on Development of Reading Skills of Children in Primary Schools of Karachi
Education is an effort to bring the variation of human nature through the various method of knowledge to meet educational goals and challenges. Peer tutoring is a definite system of peer knowledge. It includes a learner tutoring alternative where pairs are characteristically of different educational standing and occasionally different ages like cross-age tutoring as well as same age tutoring. Peer tutoring is the most reliable education practiced method in all over the world, now which is employed in Pakistan too. The definitive description of peer tutoring is "a method of education in which pupils assistance each other and study. Peer tutoring plays significant role in education and has possibly happened in approximately manifestation since the start of development. The purpose of this research is to employ the well-known processes of common peer tutoring and class wide peer tutoring to accelerate a current peer tutoring process that can be applied with a less involvement of teacher association. This research studies the impact of concerning peer tutoring at school and family tutoring at home on child reading accomplishment and shows the involvement of parents in their children’s education and showing their progress and knowledge with the schools as well as tutors at home. The present study is, therefore determined to explore the effectiveness of peer tutoring in comparison to conventional method of teaching in Pakistan. The population of the present study was primary schools of district west Karachi Orangi town. For this sake 164 primary students were selected by convince sampling technique in Orangi town Karachi schools. There were I to V classes student were involve this study, in 60 students parents also involve in this study and they trained by teachers during seminars and parents teachers meeting on the whole session 2014-15. A self-prepared achievement test made by researcher which has covered five main objectives to enhance the reading skill in these students. A test was conducted by experimental and control groups and results were organized and categorized into tabularization form and compute Mean, Standard Deviation, and Coefficient of variation also data analyzed by t-test and Analysis of variance ANOVA. The study result concludes that the cross-age tutoring pairing students in grade one to three were more beneficial than same-age tutoring. But in class four the research hypothesis was rejected and the result concludes that the same-age tutoring pairing students in grade four was more beneficial than c ross-age tutoring. The study result also suggests that parents involvement in the peer tutoring programmed, perform as an active understanding tutor of their students by learning a modest set of guidelines. Though all the students contributing in the programme developed their reading command, nevertheless their character (tutor o tutee) or having support of their family or not, the consequences recommend that contribution of family is the adaptable which describes in the greatest way, the development in reading command, thus, it is the main manipulating element. According to present research the result bring about some suggestion that the percentage of family participation attained by learners who scored above the average was higher than their peers who revealed more necessities of provision in the reading understanding part, therefore approving the effort stated by the teachers concerning the participation of the students families with more education complications and necessities. The results proved that the learners realized the accuracy and reliability of common peer tutoring.مطالعہ یہودیت
Written for students who likely have either no knowledge of Judaism or else come to the subject with preconceptions highly colored by political and religious polemics, this book offers a comprehensive introduction to the Jewish tradition from religious, historical, and cultural perspectives.