اماں ملی نہ، ترستے رہے اماں کے لیے
تو زہر پی لیا تسکینِ جسم و جاں کے لیے
ہے میرے سر کو فقط تیرے نقشِ پا کی طلب
مری جبیں ہے ترے سنگِ آستاں کے لیے
خدا کرے کہ یہ ان آندھیوں سے بچ جائے
کہ تنکا تنکا جو رکھا ہے آشیاں کے لیے
نگاہِ بد سے بچے حسن کا وہ صدقہ دے
یہ مشورہ ہے مرا میرے مہرباں کے لیے
وہ ایک ایک مسافر نگاہ میں رکھے
بہت ضروری ہے یہ میرِ کارواں کے لیے
غم حیات کا سورج ہے سر پہ تو کیا غم
کسی کی یاد ہی کافی ہے سائباں کے لیے
چمن کو چھوڑ کے جانے لگے ہیں تائبؔ جی
قسم خدا کی یہ مژدہ ہے باغباں کے لیے
Politics is the field where women have been ignored since ancient times, due to the political notions determined by ideological beliefs and cultural norms. Among the United Nations’ measures remove gender inequalities, includes recommendation for reserving 30 per cent seats for women in legislatures. In Pakistan, this remarkable change was effected in 2000, as it reserved 33 percent seats for women at the local government and 17 per cent at the Provincial/National Assemblies and the Senate level, so about 40,000 women entered in local bodies throughout the country in 2000-01, and almost 55,000 women contested local government in 2005. Despite these developments, women are still facing challenges that deter the full realization of their roles as active interlocutors of policy-making. Keeping in view these aspects, this paper has analyzed the local government, focusing on women, exploring whether the increasing number of women in legislatures is merely a numerical strength, or is empowering them, too, Whether they are the ‘subjects of change’ or the ‘agents of change.’ It is calculated that administrative structures of local government is male-dominated, whereas women are trying to ensure their position, however, gendered barriers remain unbroken
The carboxylic acid group (-COOH) present in most commercial NSAIDs is thought to be partly responsible for the gastric toxicity associated with the long-term administration of these compounds. The goal of the present research was to determine if new NSAID derivatives devoid of acidic moieties would retain the anti- inflammatory activity while exerting a lower degree of gastric toxicity compared to the corresponding parent NSAID. In this regard, we replaced the carboxylic acid group in aspirin, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, and naproxen with a series of quaternary ammonium moieties, and the resulting water-soluble NSAID derivatives were tested for anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activity in vivo. Results of our investigation showed that replacement of quaternary ammonium moieties for the carboxylic acid group present in NSAIDs, yielded potent anti-inflammatory molecules without stomach ulceration when administered orally to rats. Among the new compounds, N- (2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propan-1-aminium chloride (a naproxen derivative) was the most potent anti-inflammatory agent (65.28% inhibition of inflammation at 6.4 mg/kg); however, unlike the reference compound naproxen (ulcer index = 108.7), N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propan-1- aminium chloride did not produced gastric ulcers (Ulcer index = 0) when administered orally at equimolar doses (0.17mmol). These results suggest that the carboxylic acid group present in commercial 2-phenylpropionic acid NSAIDs is not an essential requirement for anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, and offers a new concept in drug design by using water-soluble ammonium moieties instead. Derivatives of salicylic acid were screened for analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities, and acute toxicity. The result of this study indicated that these compounds possess dose dependent statistically significant analgesic, anti- inflammatory and antipyretic properties, compared to aspirin, without causing gastric ulceration and acute toxicity.
