کھیلوں کا کردار پر اثر
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب شاہینو! آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کا موقع فراہم کیا گیا ہے وہ ہے:’’کھیلوں کا کردار پراثر ‘‘
معزز حاضر ین!
جہاں تک کردار کا تعلق ہے یہ قوموں کی زندگی میں ریڑھ کی ہڈی کی حیثیت رکھتا ہے۔ تعلیمات اسلام اور عبادات دین کا اگربنظرِ غائرمطالعہ اور مشاہدہ کیا جائے تو جو چیز سامنے آتی ہے وہ اچھے کردار اور اخلاق کی تخلیق ہے۔ جملہ احکام الہیہ بھی ایک انسان میں اچھے کردار اور اخلاق کے متمنی ہیں۔ اورقرآن جس کا موضوع انسان ہے وہ بھی ایک اچھے انسان کا خواہش مند ہے۔ جو دین ودنیا میں ہرلحاظ سے کامیاب ہو۔بقول شاعر:
بات کردار کی ہوتی ہے وگرنہ عارفؔ
قد میں انسان سے سایہ بھی بڑا ہوتا ہے
ذہین انسان ہی با کردار ہوتا ہے۔ ماہر نفسیات کہتے ہیں کہ ذہن جب باہر آتا ہے تو کردار بن جاتا ہے کردار جب اندر جاتا ہے تو ذہن بن جاتا ہے۔
صدرِذی وقار!
یہ موضوع بہت طویل ہے میں صرف مذکورہ موضوع پر چند گزارشات پیش کرنا چاہتا ہوں۔ تاریخِ اقوام عالم پر نظر دوڑائیں تو کاروبار اور محنت و مشقت کے ساتھ ساتھ آپ کو ایسے لمحات بھی دکھائی دیں گے جن میں تفریح اور کھیل کودکے سوا کچھ نہیں ہوگا۔ کھیل کود کا تصور اسلام میں بھی موجود ہے کہ محسنِ کائنات حضرت محمدؐ نے بھی تیرا کی اور دوڑ کے مقابلوں میں حصہ لیا۔ کھیل اور تفر یحی پروگرام کردار پر بڑا اچھا اثر ڈالتے ہیں۔ یہی وجہ ہے کہ دیگر ممالک کی طرح پاکستانی نظام تعلیم میں اور اوقات تعلیم و تدریس میں بھی باقاعدہ ڈرل کا پیریڈ ہوتا ہے۔...
Background and Aims: It has been established that the hazard of falling in Parkinson's patients is a primary cause of loss of independence, and hence it is a significant component to the disease's burden. As a result, the goal of this study is to evaluate the relationship between level of disease progression and the risk of falling in order to understand the critical need for rehab intervention in Parkinson's disease.
Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 24 participants participated in study through convenience sampling technique from primary and tertiary care institutes/ hospitals. Tinetti balance and gait test was used to evaluate the risk of fall among patients while The Hoehn and Yahr Scale was used to track the progression of Parkinson's symptoms and disability.
Results: Total 24 (n=24) participants with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease were enrolled in the study in which the majority of the participants belong to age group 59-69 years. The balance and gait of Parkinson’s patient is strongly negative correlated i.e. -8.33 with the severity of Parkinson’s disease with .000 level of significance which is strongly negative correlated with the severity of Parkinson’s disease (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This demonstrates that the balance and gait of a Parkinson’s person is not related to the severity level Parkinson’s disease thus fall management in PD patients must be kept in priority during the rehab intervention for ADL independence and social participation.
This study focuses on the simplification of the Pakistani legal text in both academic and occupational contexts to make the justice speedy. The comparative analysis of effectiveness of original and simplified versions of the legal texts in Pakistan is systematically analyzed and followed with recommendations. The purpose of this study is to suggest Plain English Language Movement in academic and legal professional settings to make the justice speedy. The aim of this study is to measure the linguistic adequacy of stake holders concerning the comprehension level and required time of comprehending statutes and extracts from judicial judgments in original and simplified versions so that the problems regarding the complexity of legal language and consequently recommendations be given to improve comprehension and to save time. I designed an exploratory study focusing on an experiment by describing the perceptions of law professionals and making comparisons in complex and simplified law language. It is a comparative study in nature, and at the same time it is experimental based on particular methodology and philosophy. In this regard, mixed method approach is taken into account to communicate the data. Purposive sampling was used to gather the data by employing survey questionnaires and tests (1 & 2). To measure the comprehension level and time spent, tests (1 & 2) were conducted among the law students, while two sets of questionnaires were distributed among two population groups; law teachers and lawyers. The data regarding tests and closed ended items of the questionnaires were quantitatively analyzed by using SPSS 15.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), while open ended items of the questionnaires were qualitatively analyzed through identifying common themes and reviewing responses. The findings exhibited clearly the effectiveness of the simplified versions and complexity of original versions of the legal texts. This is evident that original legal texts due to its complex nature make a receding effect on the readers’ comprehension. The findings also make clear that the simplified versions of the legal texts can prove beneficial in academic and professional legal settings as it is widely supported and approved by the members of the legal discourse community. Considering the findings of this study, Plain English Movement in Pakistani academic and professional legal settings has been recommended. The findings also highlight the potential areas for further research in the field of language and law with reference to speedy justice.
