لومڑی دی چالاکی تے کاں دی بے وقوفی
اک دفعہ دا ذکر اے کہ اک کاں نوں کسے حلوائی دی دکان توں اک پنیر دا تکڑا ملیا۔ کاں نے اوس نوں اپنی چنج نال گھٹ کے پھڑیا تے اڈ کے درخت دی اُچی تھاں اُتے بہہ گیا۔ دل ای دل وچ بہت خوش ہویا کہ اج کھان نوں بڑے دناں بعد چنگی شے ملی اے۔ اوہ خوشی وچ کھاون دا سوچ ای رہیا سی کہ اوہدر اک لومڑی آ گئی۔ کاں کول پنیر دا ٹوٹا ویکھ کے لومڑی دے منہ وچ پانی آ گیا۔ اوہ سوچن لگی کہ کویں ایہہ ٹوٹا کاں کولوں کھو لیا جاوے۔ لومڑی اپنی چالاکی پاروں سارے جانوراں وچ مشہور اے۔ اوس دے دماغ وچ اک تجویز آئی۔ اوہ کاں دی خوشامد کرن لگی۔ اوس آکھیا۔
’’بھرا کاں! توں اک بہت سوہنا پرندہ ایں۔ تیرے پر کنے سوہنے نیں تے تیرا رنگ کناں چمکیلا اے۔۔۔ میرے خیال وچ تیری آواز وی رنگ تے پراں وانگ بہت سوہنی ہووے گی۔ تیری بڑی مہربانی ہووے گی کہ توں مینوں اک سریلا گیت سنا دیویں۔‘‘
کاں نے لومڑی دے موہنوں جدوں اپنی تعریف سنی تاں بہت خوش ہویا۔ اوس فوراً گیت سناون لئی اپنا منہ کھولیا۔ تاں اوہ پنیر دا ٹوٹا اوہدے منہ وچوں نکل کے زمین اتے ڈگ پیا۔ لومڑی نے چھیتی نال اوس نوں چکیا تے کھا لیا تے کاں اپنی بے وقوفی تے افسوس کردا رہ گیا۔
Islam is a complete code of life for the humanity. It provides guidance in all aspects of human activity. It guides human being in its economic system, social life, in all worships, in family life and in political set up. State is an institution like others which is a tool for mankind to serve its needs in the best possible ways. Islam does not consider a state designed by Allah and in fact leaves the system open to human intellect, to form a mechanism according to the teachings of the scriptures and needs of the time. The guiding principles of Islam stress on proper utilizations of state machinery and authority to the satisfaction of people and to fulfill dictates of Allah’s directions. Islam forbids utilization of public offices for personal benefits. Islamic traditions instructed that the state officials must learn from the principle of Islam as exemplified in the state at the city of Medina; it additionaly shaped its characters as well. The present article is an attempt to highlight the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) that he gave from time to time and ensured its applications letter and spirit.
The present study was aimed to extract, fractionate, isolate and standardize the chemical constituents from the plant, Quercus incana, in order to find out their phytochemical and pharmacological mode of action, so as to discover a new source for potentially active constituents used for the benefits of mankind. Quercus incana, which is a large evergreen tree belongs to family Fagaceae. The Fagaceae is a large plant family found in Asia, North America and Europe. Quercus incana has been used in different ailments such as diarrhea, neurosis, pyrexia, dysentery, pain, inflammation and burns healing in conventional medicines. It is also employed to treat gonorrhea and used as an astringent, diuretic, and various nervous disorders all over the world including Pakistan. In the present research work, the plant Quercus incana was explored for its chemical constituents using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques for potentially new and therapeutically active agents. The bark portion was selected for isolation, on the basis of preliminary pharmacological activities and its common use by the local people and Hakims and Tabibs in different ailments. Some activities were performed on fruit extract also. Crude extract of bark and fruit of Quercus incana and the new compound isolated from bark were screened for various in-vitro and in-vivo biological activities like antibacterial, anti oxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory etc, inorder to give scientific background to various ethnomedicinal applications of the plant which will lead to safe, therapeutic, effective and economical way of treatment of different diseases and to examine and analyze the chemical composition of the plant. For the isolation of pure secondary metabolites, the ethyl acetate fraction (obtained from crude methanolic extract of the bark) was subjected to column chromatography. The structures of purified compounds were elucidated by using various sophisticated spectroscopic techniques i.e, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, COSY, NOESY, DEPT, HSQC, HMBC, UV, IR and EI-MS. The plant was found to be a new source of six compounds such as, betulinic acid, 9-octadecanoic acid methyl ester(z-form), gallic acid, gallic ester, b-sitosterol glucoside, and quercitin. Three known compounds like β-sitosterol, ursolic acid, and lupeol were also isolated. Quercuschin, which was a completely new compound was discovered for the first time from this plant source. Results of in-vivo biological studies reveal that the plant possesses very good property of producing peripheral and central analgesia. The data obtained from different experiments supports the use of the plant in relieving fever, and treating inflammatory conditions. The different in-vitro activities of new compound were conclusive of the fact that the plant is a good natural antioxidant and can be used to treat various bacterial and fungal infections. The isolation work done on the plant (bark) of Quercus incana yielded 10 compounds. In these 10 compounds, 7 were reported for first time from this plant species : THESE WERE , betulinic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester(z-form), gallic acid, gallic ester, b-sitosterol glucoside,quercitin , and one compound NAMELY Quercuschin: was absolutely new and was never reported before from any source AND was discovered for the first time from this plant source. 3 compounds were KNOWN compounds: NAMELY β-sitosterol, ursolic acid, and lupeol, Findings of this research project, especially the biological activities of chemical constituents of the plant, strongly support the folkloric uses of the plant and its applications in traditional treatment. The isolated compounds strengthen these activities. However, further comprehensive research work on the crude extract as well as on isolated compounds is needed to explore and identify lead compounds of clinical effectiveness for the development of new drugs in order to strengthen the field of drug discovery.
