مولوی محبوب عالم
اس ماہ کے شذرات کا صفحہ وفات نامہ ہوا چاہتا ہے، مگر احسان فراموشی ہوگی اگر ملک کے سب سے بوڑھے صحیفۂ نگار مولوی محبوب عالم اڈیٹر پیسہ اخبار لاہور کا ماتم نہ کیا جائے، ۲۸؍ مئی کو انہوں نے اس دارِ فانی کو الوداع کہا، وہ اردو کے سب سے پہلے روزنامہ اخبار (پیسہ) کے اڈیٹر تھے، انہوں نے صرف اپنی محنت و کوشش سے سرمایہ حاصل کیا اور ملک میں تاریخ اور سیاحت ناموں کے پڑھنے کا ذوق پیدا کیا اور خود بھی یورپ اور ممالک اسلامیہ کے دوسفر کئے اور سیاحت نامے لکھے، مگر افسوس کہ اب ان کو وہ سفر پیش آیا جس کا سفرنامہ انسانوں کے ہاتھ نہیں، فرشتوں کے ہاتھ لکھتے ہیں، اس ان دیکھی منزل کے بوڑھے مسافر پر اﷲ تعالیٰ کی رحمت ہو۔
مرحوم نے ۷۴ برس کی عمر پائی۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، جولائی ۱۹۳۳ء)
تصحیح: منشی محبوب عالم مرحوم کے تذکرہ میں یہ لکھا گیا ہے کہ وہ اردو کے پہلے روزانہ اخبار کے بانی اور اڈیٹر تھے، اس سے مراد مسلمانوں میں تھی، یعنی اردو کے پہلے اسلامی روزانہ اخبار کے وہ بانی اور اڈیٹر تھے، اردو میں منشی نولکشور لکھنو کا اودھ اخبار ان کے اخبار سے پہلے نکلا تھا اور اب تک نکل رہا ہے۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، اگست ۱۹۳۳ء)
This article describes the methodology and characteristics of Zad al-masir fi ‘ilm al-tafsir. This is one the finest work of Allama Ibn al-Jawzī, a 6th century prominent Interpreter. Several editions of this Tafsir have been published. However, the edition of dar al-kitab al-‘arbi, Beirut published in four volumes is selected for this study. This exegesis is based on conventional narrations, authentic quotations from the Islamic Scholars and lingual & grammatical discussions. As a witness, causes of verses (asbab al-Nuz┴l), Makki and Madani Surah’s (chapters), the abrogating and abrogated verses (al-nasikh wal-mans┴kh) and Islamic jurisprudence have been discussed in it where needed. The quality of this translation which is admirable is that mostly authentic Ahadith from original sources, and references to well known basic books in relevant discussions have been described.
The lack of capable faculty members in academic institutions is the greatest problem in developing economies because of its inevitable influence on the efficiency and effectiveness of quality education and education system itself. Recruitment of sound faculty members is a deep rooted problem in job satisfaction. This research analyses and identifies the significant components influencing the job satisfaction among teachers serving at,academic institutions in Balochistan at school, college and university level. These determinants influence to leave the institution, turnover or switch academic institute. Constructing job satisfaction indices and classifying teachers into satisfied and dissatisfied clusters, exploring association between job satisfactions of teachers’ among different disciplines are key dimensions of this research. In previous literature job satisfaction is proved to be related to leaving intention and organisational turnover. The population size was 59713 teachers, according to Pakistan Education Statistics 2014-15 and sample of size 1048 was determined by Cochran formula. Sample was then distributed into different wards using multistage sampling technique. At first stage the cluster-sampling technique was adopted, then sample was distributed into schools, colleges and universities. At second stage, samples were then distributed in different ward for these clusters. At third stage, convenient sampling was applied. A sample of 1048 teachers from 25 districts of Balochistan was collected. Among them 576 teachers were serving in schools, 314 teachers were serving in colleges and 158 teachers were serving in universities of Balochistan. Using the SPSS software, the collected data was found reliable with Cronbach alpha. The data was then subjected to Principal Component Analysis, Chi-square, Cluster Analysis, Logistic Regression, Stepwise Regression, Multivariate Analysis (MANOVA) and Hierarchical Regression Analysis. It was found that teachers’ age, qualification, marital status, salary, experience, nature of job, sector of job and type of academic institution played a significant role in job satisfaction level of the teachers. Using Principal Component Analysis the average Job satisfaction index of faculty members of Balochistan was found 55.38 and majority of teachers in Balochistan (64%) were found satisfied with their jobs, whereas 36% teachers in Balochistan were dissatisfied with their jobs. Using the logistic regression, it is predicted that probability of teachers being satisfied with their job is 0.8265. Current study identifies that pay and monetary benefits, working environment, learning opportunities (professional skills), awareness of responsibilities, independence, policies and regulations of academic institute and passion towards growth are main factors for job satisfaction. Hope, happiness and job satisfaction among teachers might be increased by bringing these factors under consideration by policy makers for an improvement in both qualities of teaching and quality of education. Also, additional research is required to highlight relatively important factors among all predictors of job satisfaction. This research also provides a robust model and quantities review based on demographic characteristics and family background of teachers for determining job satisfaction of teachers that was lacking in previous research studies for development of intervention to improve teachers retention. The findings of the current study indicated no gender difference among the classification of academic institute teachers on pay and benefits; and growth and passions factors of job satisfaction. Male teachers were more concerned to increase the job satisfaction factors (pay and benefits, working environment and learning opportunities in job responsibilities) than the female teachers. University teachers were more disturbed concerning the job satisfaction factors (pay and benefits, and policies, rules and regulations) than the college and school teachers. Motivation, sense of accomplishment and satisfaction of teachers in Balochistan were statistically significant. A satisfied teacher leads to positive and productive behaviour. Teachers’ gender does not moderate the relationship between satisfaction and motivation, sense of accomplishment, positive productive behaviour at educational institutes in Balochistan. Furthermore, the current study indicated that job satisfaction was significantly related to the supervision. There was a positive relationship between the reward, recognition and job satisfaction. Motivation and job satisfaction have also been found to be associated with each other. The intrinsic and extrinsic motivations were strong predictors for job satisfaction In the light of current research and results, an agenda for future research on job satisfaction is provided. An intervention for teachers training program and observation study is suggested to manage symptoms of stress and practice mindfulness meditation. Furthermore, it is suggested by establishing the agencies and organisations that are dedicated to formulate a finest evaluation system will help in improving teachers’ capabilities.
