ڈاکٹرسید محمود
افسوس ہے ڈاکٹر سےّدمحمود بھی رخصت ہوگئے۔وفات کے وقت عمر ۸۲ برس کی تھی۔مرحوم برلن کے پی۔ایچ۔ڈی اورانگلستان سے بارایٹ لاء اور گھر کے بھی بڑے خوشحال تھے۔ لیکن قومی وملّی خدمت کاجذبہ شروع ہی سے تھا اس لیے اولاً تحریکِ خلافت اور پھر تحریکِ آزادی دونوں میں ہراوّل دستہ کے فرد رہے، اس جرم کی پاداش میں کئی مرتبہ جیل گئے اور قید وبند کی سختیاں انگیز کیں پھر قومی حکومت بنی توریاست اورمرکز دونوں میں وزیر رہے۔ کانگرس ورکنگ کمیٹی کے ممبر سالہا سال رہے ۔آل انڈیا کانگرس کمیٹی کے سکریٹری بھی رہ چکے تھے۔اوّل درجہ کے نیشنلسٹ ہونے کے باوجود دل اوردماغ دونوں کھلا رکھتے تھے۔ چنانچہ تقسیم کے بعد مسلسل فسادات ہوئے اور مسلمانوں کے ساتھ ناانصافی ختم نہیں ہوئی توانہوں نے قومی سطح پراس کاانسداد کرنے کی غرض سے مجلس مشاورت بنائی اور چند سال اس کے صدر کی حیثیت سے ملک کادورہ کیا لیکن جب انہوں نے محسوس کیاکہ ان کے چند رفیق اس پلیٹ فارم کو اپنے فرقہ پر ورانہ مقاصد کے لیے استعمال کررہے ہیں تو وہ اس سے الگ ہوگئے لیکن خانہ نشین پھر بھی نہیں ہوئے اورمسلمانوں کی فلاح و بہبود کے کاموں میں حِصّہ لیتے رہے۔مرحوم کا علمی اورادبی ذوق بھی بہت شگفتہ اورشائستہ تھا۔سیاسی مصرفیتوں میں تھوڑا بہت انگریزی اوراردو میں جو کچھ لکھا ہے بہت خوب لکھاہے۔ اخلاقی اعتبارسے نہایت باوضع، بامروت شریف الطبع اورخلیق بزرگ تھے۔ان کی وفات سے ملک میں عموماً اورمسلمانوں میں خصوصاً جوخلا پیدا ہواہے وہ پُرنہیں ہوسکے گا۔اللھم اغفرلہٗ وارحمہ۔ [اکتوبر ۱۹۷۱ء]
The belief of the finality of Prophet Hood (Khatm e Nabuwwat) is the basic belief of the Muslim Ummah, and this belief has been adopted since the first day. From the time of the Prophet ﷺ until now, the belief in the end of Prophet Hood has been protected on practical grounds and intellectually. Muslim scholars and philosophers, while strengthening it on the basis of rational and simulated arguments, did not leave a single aspect from which it could be undermined. They presented simulated arguments for the misguided sects in Muslim Ummah and for the non-Muslims, presented rational arguments in such a way that there was no reason left to disbelieve this belief. In this research article, there is a description of the simulated and rational arguments that are usually presented, such as the Quranic verses and their interpretation, the Hadiths, and the sayings of the scholars. And it has also been narrated what their style of reasoning is, in the same way, the legislation that has been passed in this regard in Pakistan has been presented in detail. Hopefully, this will make it clear what are the services of scholars and thinkers on this issue and what is their style.
This study was aimed for the cloning of previously isolated transcription factor zinc finger gene (GaZnF) from Gossypium arboreum (desi cotton) and codonoptimized CEMB GTGene in plant expression vector (pCAMBIA-1301) and to study its expression in CIM-482 variety of Gossypium hirsutum for functional characterization under drought stress. A 531bp fragment of GaZnF gene was amplified through PCR from cDNA of drought stressed leaves of G. arboreum, after TA cloning was confirmed with previously reported sequence, GQ169757.1. Then it was cloned in pCAMBIA-1301 (plant expression vector) at Nco-I and Bgl-II sites in fusion with GUS exon. While GTGene was cloned by replacing hygromycin at Xho-I site and resulted vector was named as pGaZnF. The plant expression pGaZnF construct was transformed in Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404. The transient expression assay validated the construct by agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The transformation efficiency of Gossypium hirsutum variety CIM-482 was 2.57% by using Agrobacterium mediated transformation system. The developmental and spatial expression analysis of GaZnF transgene was observed through Real time PCR in the stem and leaf of transgenic plants. The drought stressed transgenic plants showed highest expression: as 16 folds in leaves and 4.1in stem at vegetative stage while 14 folds in leaves and 3 in stem at mature plant stage. The amplification and integration of GaZnF transgene confirmed a fragment of 531bp through PCR and Southern blot analysis respectively. Expression of GaZnF gene was confirmed through ELISA and Western blot by using Anti-His tag polyclonal antibodies. Drought stressed transgenic plants confirmed a fragment of 95kDa (GaZnF-GUS fusion protein) in Western blot. While GTGene, through ELISA by using GTGene specific antibodies confirmed expression. The transgenic plants containing construct pGaZnF showed a steady increase in plant height after 10 day stress treatment. The mean increase in plant height, root shoot length ratio in T0 and T1 and percentage reduction in biomass, leaf to total plant weight ratio, shoot to total plant weight ratio and root to total plant weight ratio in the transgenic plants containing construct pGaZnF as compare to non-transgenic plants of T0. While leaf tissues from four months old drought stressed transgenic plants containing pGaZnF construct as compared to non-transgenic Gossypium hirsutum control plants, performed significantly for physiological parameters, including leaf relative water content (LRWC), photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (C), transpiration rate (E) and chlorophyll content in T0 and T1. Similarly, for biochemical analysis based on proline accumulation and total soluble sugars were significantly higher in drought stressed transgenic plants as compared to non-transgenic Gossypium hirsutum control plants in T0 and T1. Survival of transgenic plants in glyphosate spray also confirmed the integration and expression of GTGene successfully in cotton genome. Fluorescent in situ hybridization confirm single copy of GaZnF and GTGene on chromosomes of T2 progeny seeds. On the basis of this study it is concluded that the GaZnF is involved in activation of cascade of molecular network to regulate the drought stress tolerance in cotton. Thus the role of this gene in drought tolerance will not only provide direction for future engineering of drought-stress tolerance in cotton, but will also enable us to breed economically important cotton varieties.
